What is a Conforming Loan? Mortgage Dictionary Updated 2023

Diving into the world of home financing can be a daunting task, but understanding key terms and concepts can make the process much smoother. In this article, we will focus on one such term: Conforming Loan. We will explore its definition, the different types of conforming loans, their limits, and the benefits and drawbacks of using them.

What is a Conforming Loan?

A conforming loan is a mortgage that adheres to the guidelines set forth by government-sponsored entities (GSEs) like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. These guidelines cover various aspects, such as loan amount, credit score, and down payment percentage. In contrast, a non-conforming loan does not adhere to these guidelines and is therefore not eligible for purchase by GSEs.

Related Terms

• Adjustable-Rate Mortgage
• FHA Loan
• Jumbo Loan
• Loan-to-Value Ratio
• Private Mortgage Insurance
• VA Loan
• Mortgage Pre-Approval
• Mortgage Rate

Conforming Loan Stats

1. Conforming loan limits: In 2023, the baseline conforming loan limit for single-family homes in most areas is $670,850, up from $647,200 in 2022. In high-cost areas, the limit has increased from $970,800 in 2022 to $1,010,850 in 2023. These limits are set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and are based on changes in the average U.S. home price. (Source: FHFA.gov)
2. Average conforming loan interest rates: As of September 2021, the average interest rate for a 30-year fixed-rate conforming loan was approximately 2.86%. This rate varies over time and may be different in 2023. (Source: FreddieMac.com)
3. Conforming loan market share: In 2020, conforming loans accounted for approximately 57% of all mortgage originations in the United States. (Source: Urban.org)
4. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage holdings: As of Q2 2021, Fannie Mae held $3.5 trillion in mortgages, while Freddie Mac held $2.5 trillion. These two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) are the primary purchasers of conforming loans in the secondary mortgage market. (Source: FHFA.gov)
5. FHA loan limits: In 2023, the baseline FHA loan limit for single-family homes in most areas is $437,000, up from $420,680 in 2022. In high-cost areas, the limit has increased from $1,033,450 in 2022 to $1,010,850 in 2023. FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and are designed for low-to-moderate-income borrowers. (Source: HUD.gov)
6. VA loan limits: In 2023, VA loan limits for most areas have increased to $670,850, aligning with conforming loan limits. In high-cost areas, the limit is $1,010,850. VA loans are backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs and are available to eligible veterans, active-duty service members, and some surviving spouses. (Source: Benefits.va.gov)

These statistics provide a snapshot of the conforming loan landscape. However, it’s important to note that interest rates, loan limits, and market conditions can change over time. It’s always a good idea to research the most up-to-date information when making decisions about mortgages and home financing.

Conforming Loan Limits

One of the primary factors that determine whether a mortgage is conforming or non-conforming is the loan amount. Conforming loan limits are updated annually by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and vary by location. For example, the conforming loan limits in 2022 were set at $647,200 for single-family homes in most areas, but higher-cost areas like California had higher limits.

The new conforming loan limits for 2023 have been announced, with the general limit being $647,200 for single-family homes in most areas. However, in high-cost areas such as California, the 2023 conforming loan limits can be as high as $970,800 for a single-family home.

Types of Conforming Loans

There are two main types of conforming loans: fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages.

• Conforming Fixed Loan: With a conforming fixed loan, the interest rate remains the same throughout the entire loan term. This provides stability in monthly payments and allows borrowers to budget more effectively.
• Conforming Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): An adjustable-rate mortgage features an interest rate that can change over time, usually based on a predetermined index. While this type of loan can offer lower initial interest rates, it also carries the risk of increased monthly payments if rates rise.

Benefits of Conforming Loans

There are several advantages to using a conforming loan:

1. Lower interest rates: Conforming loans often have lower interest rates than non-conforming loans because they are considered less risky by lenders. Lower interest rates can save borrowers thousands of dollars over the life of the loan.
2. Easier qualification: Because conforming loans follow standardized guidelines, borrowers with good credit and stable employment history are more likely to qualify. This can make the loan application process easier and less stressful.
3. Flexible terms: Conforming loans offer a variety of loan terms and payment options, giving borrowers the flexibility to choose the best fit for their financial situation.

Drawbacks of Conforming Loans

There are also some downsides to using a conforming loan:

Loan amount limits: The maximum conforming loan limits for mortgages acquired by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in 2023 are:

• $647,200 for one-unit properties in most of the U.S.
• $970,800 for one-unit properties in high-cost areas

For multi-unit properties, the limits are higher:

• $828,700 for two-unit properties in most of the U.S.
• $1,244,925 for two-unit properties in high-cost areas
• $1,001,650 for three-unit properties in most of the U.S.
• $1,502,475 for three-unit properties in high-cost areas
• $1,244,850 for four-unit properties in most of the U.S.
• $1,867,275 for four-unit properties in high-cost areas

These limits are subject to change annually based on changes in

These limits are subject to change annually based on changes in average home prices.

1. Conforming loan-to-value (LTV) ratios: Conforming loans typically require a down payment of at least 5% of the home’s purchase price. This results in a loan-to-value ratio of 95%. Some programs, such as HomeReady and Home Possible, allow for LTV ratios up to 97%. (Sources: FannieMae.com, FreddieMac.com)
2. Conforming debt-to-income (DTI) ratios: Most conforming loans require a borrower’s debt-to-income ratio to be no higher than 43%. However, some programs, such as HomeReady and Home Possible, have more flexible DTI requirements. (Sources: FannieMae.com, FreddieMac.com)
3. Jumbo loans: Loans that exceed the conforming loan limits are referred to as jumbo loans. Jumbo loans are not eligible for purchase by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac and typically have higher interest rates than conforming loans. Borrowers seeking a jumbo loan may need a higher credit score, a larger down payment, and a lower DTI ratio. (Source: CFPB.gov)
4. Conforming adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs): Adjustable-rate mortgages with a conforming loan balance typically have a lower initial interest rate compared to fixed-rate mortgages. However, the interest rate may adjust after an initial fixed-rate period, causing monthly payments to increase or decrease. The most common conforming ARMs are 5/1, 7/1, and 10/1 ARMs, meaning the initial fixed-rate period lasts for 5, 7, or 10 years, respectively, before the rate adjusts annually. (Source: Investopedia.com)

It is crucial to understand these aspects of conforming loans when considering home financing options. Always consult with a mortgage professional or financial advisor to assess your specific situation and determine the best course of action.

An Overview of Conforming Loan Limits

Understanding conforming loan limits is crucial when navigating the home loan market. These limits are established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and determine the maximum amount of a mortgage that can be considered a conforming loan. In recent years, the FHFA has updated these limits to accommodate the ever-changing housing market. For example, the conforming loan limits 2021 were lower than the current limits for 2022 and 2023.

The 2022 conforming loan limits were set at $647,200 for single-family homes in most areas of the United States. However, for high-cost regions such as California, these limits were set higher, with the 2022 conforming loan limits California at $970,800 for single-family homes.

The new conforming loan limits 2023 have been established at $670,850 for single-family homes in most areas, while high-cost regions like California have a limit of $1,010,850 for single-family homes. These limits are based on the 2023 conforming loan limits by county, which vary depending on the area’s cost of living.

Conforming vs. Non-Conforming Loans

There are two primary types of home loans: conforming loans and non-conforming loans. A conforming loan adheres to the guidelines set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which include loan limits, down payment requirements, and credit score qualifications. A non-conforming loan, on the other hand, does not meet these guidelines and often come with higher interest rates due to their increased risk to lenders.

Conforming loans offer several advantages, such as lower interest rates and easier qualification requirements. Additionally, they often require a smaller down payment and are more widely available through various lenders.

Non-conforming loans, sometimes referred to as jumbo loans, are designed for borrowers seeking a loan amount that exceeds conforming loan limits. These loans can be useful for purchasing luxury homes or properties in high-cost areas. However, borrowers should be prepared for stricter qualification requirements, higher down payments, and potentially higher interest rates.

Conforming Loan Types and Rates

Various types of conforming loans are available to borrowers, each with its unique features and benefits. The two most common types are fixed-rate mortgages and adjustable-rate mortgages. A fixed-rate mortgage offers a consistent interest rate for the life of the loan, while an adjustable-rate mortgage features a variable interest rate that changes over time based on market conditions.

Conforming loan rates are typically lower than non-conforming loan rates due to the reduced risk associated with adhering to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines. To get the best rate, borrowers should maintain a good credit score, have a low debt-to-income ratio, and shop around to compare rates from different lenders.

Conforming Loan Limits and Government-Backed Loans

While conforming loans are not directly backed by the government, several government-backed loans adhere to conforming loan limits. These include FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans.

• FHA Loans: The FHA conforming loan limits for 2022 are set at $420,680 for single-family homes in most areas and up to $970,800 in high-cost areas. For 2023, the FHA loan limits have increased to $437,000 for single-family homes in most areas and $1,010,850 in high-cost areas. These loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration and are designed to help low-to-moderate-income borrowers with smaller down payments and lower credit scores.

• VA Loans: VA loan limits are aligned with conforming loan limits, meaning that in 2022, they were set at $647,200 for most areas and $970,800 for high-cost areas. For 2023, the VA loan limits have increased to $670,850 for most areas and $1,010,850 for high-cost areas. These loans are backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs and are available to eligible veterans, active-duty service members, and some surviving spouses. VA loans offer competitive interest rates and often do not require a down payment or mortgage insurance.
• USDA Loans: USDA loan limits are not based on conforming loan limits but instead are based on the borrower’s income and the area’s median income. These loans are designed for low-to-moderate-income borrowers in rural areas and offer 100% financing, meaning no down payment is required. Additionally, USDA loans typically have lower interest rates and mortgage insurance costs compared to other loan types.

Tips for Borrowers Seeking a Conforming Loan

When seeking a conforming loan, borrowers should keep the following tips in mind to ensure a smooth process and secure the best possible loan terms:

1. Check your credit score: A good credit score is crucial for qualifying for a conforming loan and securing the best interest rates. Review your credit report for errors and take steps to improve your score, such as paying down debt and making all payments on time.
2. Determine your budget: Before applying for a loan, determine how much you can comfortably afford for a monthly mortgage payment. A general rule of thumb is that your housing expenses should not exceed 28% of your gross monthly income.
3. Save for a down payment: While conforming loans may require a smaller down payment than non-conforming loans, it’s still essential to save as much as possible. A larger down payment can help you secure a better interest rate and potentially avoid the need for private mortgage insurance (PMI).
4. Shop around: Different lenders may offer varying interest rates and loan terms, so it’s essential to shop around and compare offers from multiple lenders before making a decision.
5. Get pre-approved: Obtaining a pre-approval letter from a lender can give you a competitive edge in the housing market and help you understand the loan amount you qualify for.

In conclusion, understanding conforming loan limits and their impact on the mortgage process is essential when navigating the home loan market. By familiarizing yourself with the various types of conforming loans, rates, and government-backed loans, you can make an informed decision and secure a mortgage that best suits your needs and financial situation.

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Closing Thoughts and Next Steps

Now that you have a better understanding of conforming loans, it’s time to take the next step in your homeownership journey. Mortgage Rater is here to guide you through the process and ensure you secure the best mortgage for your needs. To get started, apply for a loan with Mortgage Rater and let our team of experts help you achieve your homeownership dreams.